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Gentlefoot
14th October 2005, 15:22
Hi all,

Just discovered this wonderful game. Don't have a wheel at the mo, but hope to get one soon as I can't get on with a mouse at all.

Need some tips. Is there anything I should know? Also, I need to know what the keyboard shortcuts are for tyre temp and that kind of thing. A mate told me you could view these. Anything like that would really help me.

Cheers fellas.

al heeley
14th October 2005, 15:26
Well here is a good place to start:

http://www.lfswiki.net/index.php/Main_Page

F9 tyre temperatures and loads
F10 damage
F11 live settings
F12 pit instructions

Also, try to work your way through the lessons to build up your skill before jumping on-line and ghetting shouted at by impatient pro's!

Gentlefoot
14th October 2005, 15:27
aah - I think I may already have done that. I'd tried to keep out of everyones' way though. Cheers for the link

ButterTyres
14th October 2005, 15:28
Welcome to the world of LFS!!

Tip number 1 - and you already know it - get a wheel :)

Or you could use the mouse to drive, plenty people are fast enough with the mouse, keyboard is more difficult to get fast.

Quick shortcuts:-

F12 - Tyre and on the fly setup changes
F9 - Tyre temps
F10 - Suspension damage
SHIFT+S - pit in
SHIFT+R - vote to restart
SHIFT+Q - vote to qualify
2 - save multiplayer replay

Some notes:

Joining a server and voting to restart straight away will not please most
Causing a crash at turn 1 is usually the best way to get kicked/banned

Other than that - have fun and get racing :)

AndroidXP
14th October 2005, 16:24
Learn the driving etiquette (see LFSWiki)
If possible, learn the CRC rules (see LFSWiki) although there aren't many people who drive by them. But it's still good to know what you're allowed to and what not
Accept that you aren't the fastest out there, so don't try to desperately fight for a position and risk ruining somone's (and your) race
Watch hotlap replays to learn the driving line and to see where you're currently slower. As a newbie, you'll never even get close to that time, but it still helps heaps
Do not try to 'push hard', period. It will only make you end up in a wall and probably even much slower. Drive carefully and S M O O T H.
Consistency is the key. If you drive one second slower than someone else, but he in return ****s up every 5 laps (taking him more than 5 seconds to recover), you're still faster than him.
One last thing, if you get blue flagged, don't panic. Let the one behind you pass when it's safe for both of you. You don't need to give up and crash into a wall just to let him pass (that is, when you're actually racing for positions. if you just joined the race then get off there ASAP). Also, when in doubt, it's alot easier for him to pass you when you stay on your line. For example, if he approaches you on a straight and has much more speed, then just stick to your line, he'll pass you anyways. Do not try to 'evade' him there, because it sucks if both drivers decided at the same time to evade eachother by going in the same direction.
Actually, I lied. This is the last thing :D: when you crash/spin, wait until the track is clear! Don't try to blindly enter the track. It will make people very mad. Also if you spin and you're likely to end up on the track, stay on your brakes until the other drivers nearby have passed you. It's very annoying to find someones car rolling over the whole track into you while you tried avoiding him (on the apparently 'wrong' side).


:thumb:

geeman1
14th October 2005, 16:49
Use common sense :tilt:

ayrton senna 87
14th October 2005, 16:54
drive fast dont crash

Gabkicks
14th October 2005, 17:03
Be kind to others and they will return the favor. :) dont do any dirty blocking and be carefull when coming out of pits.

STROBE
14th October 2005, 17:09
- Be courteous
- Drive cleanly, firmly and fairly.
- Say sorry when it's your fault
- Wait until the race has finished before either trying to get it restarted or asking racers if they could share their setup.
- Most of all, don't desperately try and pass people at the first corner on the first lap. A race usually lasts for five or more laps, not just one corner. Even if it's unintentional, over-zealous attempts into the first corner by an inexperienced driver can be incredibly frustrating for those around them on the track.

tristancliffe
14th October 2005, 17:25
Watch your mirrors.
Don't change lines midway through corners when being lapped
Be polite
Admit to mistakes, and be tolerant of other peoples mistakes
Never ever TRY to be faster than you are capable of. Speed will come in time.
Dont defend your position so much that you cause an accident. Let them go, and draft them on the following straight.
Ask nicely for setups - they are not yours by RIGHT, but by the niceness of others
Respect everyone, regardless of speed, but kick wreckers.

Vain
14th October 2005, 18:22
When trying to become better, try to approach the limit from below. It took me ages to learn that it's easier to drive cautious in the beginning and get better after a while than driving fast in the beginning and crashing until you actually manage to drive a complete lap. ;)

Angryminer

Bob Smith
14th October 2005, 19:54
* Have patience
* Have understanding friends
* Tell me I'm awesome
* Shout at our resident spammer for reaching 900 posts already

colcob
14th October 2005, 20:21
1. Dont tell Bob he's awesome. Bob thinks he's awesome enough already :)

Bob Smith
14th October 2005, 21:40
2. Don't give conflicting information!!! :p

Lola Popeye
14th October 2005, 22:01
3. Keep driving and stay as far away from these guys as you can ^

Vendetta
14th October 2005, 23:11
Its probably been said before but this is very important:

be VERY careful when exiting the pits mid race, always check your mirrors, your map and stay inbetween the two yellow lines.

Hallen
14th October 2005, 23:24
If you have never driven a track/car combination before, practice it offline for a while first. Then don't be afraid to jump in and join the races on a server. Online is where this game realy, realy shines.

Also, don't be afraid to investigate some of the league races. Many of them qualify via hotlap and devide the racers onto different servers based on their hotlap speeds. This means you will be racing people of similar skill level most of the time. It makes for good racing and a lot of fun.

Gentlefoot
15th October 2005, 09:56
Cheers for all the info fellas. Look forward to seeing you on track. Most of this stuff seems pretty obvious to me. I'm not without some experience of other on-line racing games, infact I posted the 16th fastest time in the world round Laguna Seca on F355 Challenge for the DC. I also drive on track in the real world and compete in sprints, so I tend to treat the cyber race no different from the real thing.

I should get pretty fast, pretty quick for these reasons.

Someone mentioned leagues. That sounds totally cool. How do I join one?

Vain
15th October 2005, 09:58
Look in the league-forums, read a bit, find a league that suits your taste (cars, rules, tracks, racedistance) and ask the administrator of the league when you can join.

Vain

Gentlefoot
15th October 2005, 10:32
I love racing slow cars. It always seems to make for good close races. Are there any leagues that use the UF1000s only? That would be totally cool!

JamesF1
15th October 2005, 12:29
1. Don't come to me for tips on a fast lap :p

Gabkicks
15th October 2005, 14:12
Its probably been said before but this is very important:

be VERY careful when exiting the pits mid race, always check your mirrors, your map and stay inbetween the two yellow lines.
Yup i've mentioned this before.
I've had so many close calls when going into pits and some guy joins and just rushes out of pits. luckily no accidents as of this date. but i'm sure they occur.

Fonnybone
15th October 2005, 23:06
Practice.

GTR_Yuni
15th October 2005, 23:42
As your username would most likely suggest, be gentle on the throttle, especally on the Rwds, as they tend to oversteer (or so I think) easily.

Doorman
16th October 2005, 01:15
Please, please, please have a sense of humour.
As per tristancliffe and Bob Smith. Remember it is a game but one the has to be played seriously to get the most fun out of it.
Oo, I think that was profound! :D

Gentlefoot
17th October 2005, 09:18
Must admit I've struggled on-line. Think either my graphics card or ADSL connection isn't up to the job. It's fine in single player but when I get on-line and there are lost of other cars it goes all 'framey'!

I've taken all you're advice and tried to keep out of peoples way and avoid contact but other people always seem to punt me off going down to the first corner. This often causes an accident as I spin off and then I get people voting to ban me! Bit unreasonable I think. I seem to be slow in a straight line for some reason. Maybe it's my start but this is even in low powered cars.

It doesn't make for much fun and is rapidly putting me off the game. People should show somepatience with new drivers. Especially when they are clearly following the rules of etiquette!

Any advice?

Vain
17th October 2005, 10:41
1. Say sorry and explain the cause of the accident. I once had to explain someone that I accidentely bumped him off the track because my cat jumped in my chair when I ignored it for 10 minutes. :)
2. The more drivers are on the track the more you have to watch out for. That's why I like smaller servers. I usually join an empty server, set it up the way I like, practise some 10 minutes and then a few people come to join me. That way the player number seldomly excedes 7. That makes racing something rather familiar and you will sooner get to know the other driver's habits. That helps a lot with avoiding contact.
Oh, and another thing that helped me: Don't stomp on the brakes when someone is already trying to crawl through your mirror. He will propably ram you because he reacted to slow. Give him a chance by taping the brake shortly before your braking-point. Of course, when you get to know the driver you can leave out this step, because he'll know your braking-points.
3. Only drive close to someone when you are going to take him over. For example Westhill International turn 1. It is rather unpropable that you'll be able to take somone over after that corner, so you can leave a bit space.
Also I developed the technique to take a step to the side before a corner and brake in the direction of the turn-in point. That way I'm not trapped behind the one before me when he brakes harder than I do.

No warranty. Just my experience. :)

Vain

Gentlefoot
17th October 2005, 11:12
I did apologise but one guy (FOX19) still wanted to ban me. I don't think any of the others voted to ban me though.

The tips seem eminently sensible but I think I need to know the circuits better to be able to put some of that into practice. Trouble is, when you constantly get punted off you never get into the 'flow' of the track and it makes it even harder.

I'll stick at it. Hope to see you in there sometime mate.

Vain
17th October 2005, 11:21
About that guy... Don't mind. There are idiots. That's a feature you signed up for when you got internet. :)

Before I drive tracks online I learn the track/car-combo offline until I can put the car in any line on the track I want to within a few inches. That is especially important when you try to take somone over, because the track can get extremely narrow when two cars are driving head-to-head and you still have to manage best speed though you aren't on the ideal line. ;)
Oh, and the slower the car the easier competitive driving becomes. Especially downforcecars are evil...

Vain

xaotik
17th October 2005, 12:46
Also, don't take to heart comments people might spew out at times, alot of it is stuff they've got in their hotkeys. It won't be uncommon to see dialogs like:

"Idiot!!!!"
"sorry"
":)"
":)"

Which are orchestrated entirely by using hotkeys... impressive no?

Oh, and another thing, alot of the people online are not english-speaking or their english is not so good - so patience and try using smilies in your replies (as stupid as they look), it kinda gets the message through ("let me draw you a picture")...

Chaos
17th October 2005, 12:47
I totally agree with what Vain and thisnameistaken said...
I would say that driving in the pack towards T1 is the hardest thing to learn in LFS. You have to be aware if there is space infront and behind you as well on the sides. We have met yesterday on Aston club with UFR/XFR and I saw you had problems with driving in the pack after the start. With the slow starts > with fwd just floor it just before the green comes a the start will be fine (a little "bug" in lfs)... Then when coming to T1 ease of a bit from the gas and brake earlier (starting with a tap on the brake, so the guy behind you know you are about to brake (because of inevitable lag in multiplayer, he sees your brake lights light up, when you are already under full braking for a small moment, so there is no way he could react in time), if you see that you started braking too early, let the brake go for just a moment. And avoid any quick left/right manouvers, because you are very likely going to hit someone...

I think you'll get it right soon. Don't get driven away by some nervous people who try to ban you... It also helps to annonunce that you are new to LFS and people will excuse a lot of your actions, because they will know it was not intentional...

Hallen
17th October 2005, 15:23
If your frame rate drops through the floor on starts, it is more likely your processor or your lack of RAM that is causing the problem. Either way, the starts are the hardest thing to master and if you are laggy at the same time, you are going to have problems. Chances are, the people who were trying to kick you, were doing so because of your lag. If you lag, it slows other people down too. You get close to a laggy car sometimes and you start lagging too (or so it seems).

Trying to race close to a driver who is lagging is very, very hard to do. You basically have to get lucky to get around them. I had a driver who seemed to keep brake checking me going into turn 1. He was turning pretty good lap times, and he would always out accelerate me onto the back straight. When I watched the replay, I could not figgure out what I was thinking during the race. I was not that close to him, and he only really brake checked me once when he made a mistake. He was lagging from time-to-time. I think that was the problem more than anything else. At one point, I was riding in his car watching the replay, and the car disapeared, and my car from behind went charging through my virtual body in the now nonexisting car. It was very odd. He had lagged so bad that the replay went kind of goofy for a bit.

This is a long way of saying that you are going to need to get that framerate and potential lag problem fixed before you are going to have any success at starts. Try turning down your LOD settings. You will lose a lost of detail at times, but it will help with your frame rates. I have also found that shortening the Look Ahead distance helps.

Mazz4200
17th October 2005, 17:20
DO get a steering wheel

DO get the best one you can afford

DO NOT buy a wheel from your pal just because his son no longer uses his,

because:-

IT WILL be crap,

IT WILL be made for very small people with very small hands,

therefore,

IT WILL be tiny,

therefore,

Your thumbs WILL get stuck !

Mazz

"LFS = the game Forza wants to be, when it grows up !"

Bob Smith
17th October 2005, 20:20
You can also use Shift F10 (or even F9, although it's like driving a blur) to drop the resolution for the race start, then use Shift F11 or F12 to put it back a lap or two into the race when you're going down a straight.

Gabkicks
18th October 2005, 01:44
Here are a few tips that might help you make it across the finnish line in 1 piece.

1.) at 1st turn stay to the far outside or far inside and be prepared to counersteer quickly if hit. If there was a big wreck last race on 1st turn, then ease off on 1st turn unless you are near the front of the field. People often try to pass on the 1st turn but arent skilled enough to and just cause a big pileup
2.) when battling someone you are unfamiliar with, keep enough distance so that if they spin out you can maneuver around them.
3.)If you are pretty sure you are faster than someone and they happen to catch up to you (i thought you were faster?) sometimes its best to just let them pass and use their slip stream to burn them on the straightaway.

ColeusRattus
18th October 2005, 06:24
Another T1 Tipp, bu as I haven't read through the whole thread, crucify me, if it was already mentioned:

If you are in the pack and have no chance to get out of the racing line (and therefor are very likely to be crashed by someone behind you): Break very early, BUT very slightly. When your braking lights flash up, the ones behind you will be more cautious, and if you don't brake too hard, they will have time to react and evade.
Don't care if you are overtaken in T1. Most races are long enough for you to catch up with the slower drivers, and the fatser drivers would've overtaken you anyway.

Rebeldevil
19th October 2005, 00:07
DO NOT SPEED THROUGH THE PITS.

Another tip.

DO NOT SPEED THROUGH THE PITS.

The speed limit is 80 Km/h. That's about 50 MPH if you're using US measurements. If you exceed this limit, you will be penalized. The speed limit is there for a reason--cars are going in and out of stalls, and you need to watch for them. Several cars in the game won't exceed 50 MPH in 1st gear (with standard settings) so drop it into first and you should be OK.

Try not to use the "chase cam" view. Your visibility ahead is great, but you can't see behind you at all.

The horn is there to WARN other drivers that they are doing something incredibly stupid--it is not your personal noise-maker.

And take my word for it, a gamepad is a poor substitute for a wheel. Hard to cram 900 degrees of wheel rotation into about 3/4" of total stick travel.

Cue-Ball
19th October 2005, 00:34
Must admit I've struggled on-line. Think either my graphics card or ADSL connection isn't up to the job. It's fine in single player but when I get on-line and there are lost of other cars it goes all 'framey'!

There are LOD sliders in the Graphics and Misc options. You can turn down the detail and your frame rate in a pack won't be nearly as bad. If that doesn't do the trick, you can go to wheels-only view for the first lap until the grid spreads out. Wheels-only seems to basically double the frame rate most people experience.

When you're adjusting the LOD sliders I find it best to do so while viewing a paused replay with a lot of detail on screen. That way you can see that you're turning the detail down, not up, and you can watch your frame rate go up/down as you make changes (if you have frame rate turned on).

Doorman
19th October 2005, 08:46
DO NOT SPEED THROUGH THE PITS.

Another tip.

DO NOT SPEED THROUGH THE PITS.

.... That's about 50 MPH if you're using US measurements.

Or 49 mph if you're British. :) If you do 50mph you WILL cop a penalty

cars in the game won't exceed 50 MPH in 1st gear (with standard settings) so drop it into first and you should be OK.

You'd best not rely on that because you WILL be caught out. Use your speedometer.

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 09:07
I found the pit lane limiter already so that's cool. So long as I remember - been caught out like this a few times.

Played last night and all was OK. I've started using the wheel view and it's much easier to see. Also messed about with screen res and stuff and I was OK.

Read the setup manual too and setup an XFGTR for this circuit. Didn't take to long and boy does it make the game easier to play. I have quite a good knowledge about suspension setup in real life and that helps me. Did notice in the manual it talks about spring frequency in Hertz. It should really mention Spring Effective rates too as the effective spring rate is dependant not only on the spring actual rate, but the distance the spring is from the wheel, the wheel sprung and unsprung weights. And normally in the real world, tuners work out spring frequency in Cycles per minute and not Hertz. If you want me to give you some example workings I can. Target CPM for a track car is usually between about 90 & 110 depending on the smoothness of the circuit.

It would also be cool if you could change wheel widths and offsets. This would bring in interesting concepts like scrub radius and the way it affects steering. Maybe a bit too much for your average player though.

Found LFS desktop yesterday too. How cool is that! The more I find out about this game the better I think it is! Just wondering how often it updates the results though. Nothing there for my new personal best round Westhill (1:59). Can anyone tell me?

CharlieP
19th October 2005, 09:31
Found LFS desktop yesterday too. How cool is that! The more I find out about this game the better I think it is! Just wondering how often it updates the results though. Nothing there for my new personal best round Westhill (1:59). Can anyone tell me?

I'm still a noob with this game, but I think the PB's are updated almost immediately..... but you only record online times...!

Were you racing offline at Westhill ?

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 09:52
Yeah, I was on-line.

tristancliffe
19th October 2005, 09:52
Only records online times!

Edit: Ignore me, too slow...

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 09:57
Don't understand why it hasn't updated then. Didn't do anything different from previous races! Oh well, I'll beat it tonight I should think anyway.

Anyone know of a good league for someone with limited experience like myself?

Shotglass
19th October 2005, 10:41
This would bring in interesting concepts like scrub radius and the way it affects steering. Maybe a bit too much for your average player though.

in the s1 version you could even adjust the scrub radius

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 10:55
Cool. Scrub radius is defined by the steering axis inclination and the centre point of the contact patch of the tyre. So you can change scrub radius but changing offset. Draw a line along the steering axis inclination to the floor. If it falls in-board of the centre point of the contact patch that is negative scrub. Outboard of the centre of the contact patch = positive scrub. I'm sure you know what zero scrub is now. It can be changed by changing the offset of the wheel. Tyre width doesn't actually affect it for abvious reason.

The only way you can change scrub radius is by changing the SAI or the wheel offset. In the real world the first method is often not an option (requires changing suspension pickup points outlawed in many classes of motorsport). The second method is also limited by clearances.

It would be well cool if they could get all this in to the game. It's stuff I've been wrestling with on my track car which has Mcpherson struts. Want a wider track (to add grip) but too much negative scrub is likely to result in extremely bump sensitive steering or even broken fingers/wrists! I've increased the track all round by about 20mm and already I can feel the affect of the extra negative scrub!

It's mental that I can talk to you guys about this and you know what I'm talking about. I've been on performance car tuning forums discussing this stuff and no-one really knows or cares about this stuff. Yet I come to cyber racing world and its like "yeah - scrub radius, we know about that"! Shouldn't it be the other way around.

Massive respect the the developers of LFS. Wish I'd been involved in it. I'm a software developer of 8 years now and love cars, suspension geometry and engine tuning! I think I missed my true vocation!

Shotglass
19th October 2005, 11:20
Tyre width doesn't actually affect it for abvious reason.

if im not mistaken a wider tyre will give you a bit more positive scrub (assuming the wider wheels dont cause a wider track)

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 11:28
I used to think that but think about it. Because the scrub radius is define by the centre point of the tyre contact patch it doesn't matter how wide the tyre is, the centre point will always be the same. Its only offset, whcih moves the position of the wheel relative to the hub that makes a difference.

xaotik
19th October 2005, 11:30
It's mental that I can talk to you guys about this and you know what I'm talking about. I've been on performance car tuning forums discussing this stuff and no-one really knows or cares about this stuff. Yet I come to cyber racing world and its like "yeah - scrub radius, we know about that"!

Obviously "car tuning" has nothing to do with actual performance for some people... :)

Shotglass
19th October 2005, 11:47
I used to think that but think about it. Because the scrub radius is define by the centre point of the tyre contact patch it doesn't matter how wide the tyre is, the centre point will always be the same. Its only offset, whcih moves the position of the wheel relative to the hub that makes a difference.

rethink that again ... the steering axis obiously doenst change and if both tyres are the same diameter the point where its elongation intersects the ground is constant so the only thing we have to think about is the center of the tyre
now if we assume that the wider tyre doesnt affect the track so the distance between the tyres outer edge and the steering axis ground intersection point (is there a shorter term for that ?) doesnt change the only thing that changes in the whole system is the distance between the inner edge of the tyre and the intersection point (it increases)
and with the inside edge the center of the tyre also moves inwards effectively increasing the scrub radius

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 11:48
Your spot on there my man! For most it's 'how low can I get my car to the ground' or 'can I get 20" wheels on my VW Polo'.

Drop a Mcpherson strut to the floor and watch the roll centre drop to below the ground. Not a good idea on most cars. I won't go into this now. Put your 20" wheels on and watch you're 30-70mph time double!

Each to his own. Who am I to criticise? :)

Gentlefoot
19th October 2005, 11:52
OK Shotglass but IMHO the wider tyre does change the track. Unless you change the offset to move the outside edge of the tyre further in-board.That's the way I see it. I could be wrong, I'm only a keen amateur. There's a good chance you know more about it than me :)

Just good to discuss this stuff with someone.

Shotglass
19th October 2005, 12:40
OK Shotglass but IMHO the wider tyre does change the track.

imho the track isnt depended on what tyres you have but on the rim to be precise on the distance bewteen the mounting point of the rim and the outer edge (that coincides with the outer edge of the tyre) ... and since most rims regardles of their width are relatively "flat" on the outside the outer edge of the tyre shouldnt change much when you install a wider one
(plus i was considering one value at a time adjustments to the suspension geometry and i simply assumed that the track is one of the values desireable to to keep constant or only change on purpose)

Rebeldevil
19th October 2005, 13:29
Hm. My conversions must be a little off. Still, best to err on the side of caution. I typically don't go over 45 MPH in the pits, just to give myself a bit of a cushion.

And I apologize if I seemed a bit aggravated. I can't count the number of times I've been rammed by idiots doing 90+ through pit lane while I'm trying to limp my car back to the stall. (Said ram then usually sends my car OVER the speed limit, which gets me a penalty too. Wish there was a way to fix that. I shouldn't be penalized for someone else's mistake)

Bob Smith
19th October 2005, 18:28
Are you measuring track from the center of the tyre (width) or from the outside of the tyre? I've seen car manufacturers use either definition.

And yeah, you could get into long debates about scrub radii on these forums. :)

Doorman
19th October 2005, 19:21
The last 10-12 posts have been well helpful to a Newbie.......Scrub radius indeed! :D

Fonnybone
19th October 2005, 20:43
Are you measuring track from the center of the tyre
(width) or from the outside of the tyre? I've seen car manufacturers use
either definition.
And yeah, you could get into long debates about scrub radii on these forums. :)


Ah yes, and personally, i've always measured the track from the center of the
wheels. I've never seen track measured from the outside myself, but heard
many people say they have. I think it's a shame that an industry can't agree
on such things. It's like the good 'ol horsepower war when everyone had their
own way of measuring hp. Needless to say, it was not comparable.

By measuring track from the centerline of the wheels you can get more
information like the difference in width between front and rear as well as the
'staggering' (not sure of the word..). Not to mention it's essential for figuring
out offsets to know the track from the center since this is where the offset
should be measured from anyways imo.

An obvious example are the dimensions of any Lamborghini, the rear track is
usually smaller (narower) than the front, because Lambos have such wide
rears compared to the front. Sometimes, both measures come close though
because most of these kind of cars also have the rear tapered out so much.
If measured from the outside, you'd get very different data. I wonder what
good is that data myself.

I think this is a bit much for a n00b to grasp though, but if you are
confortable with all this, they are also essential to enjoying LFS imo.

Oh, about 'tuning', i've seen the same on VWVortex, the only forum where
people actually knew wtf they were talking about was the A1-A2 forums
which is the old 78-92 cars. So, when cars are old enough that you NEED
to fix them a lot, you generally have a better understanding of the parts and
their functions. The vast majority of new car forums are filled with preppies
having tradename wars over which NOS is better because of which 6-blade
rasor commercial (advert for you europeans..). Most have no idea what's
under the hood, even less how it works.